Development of a Life-cycle Cost Framework for Retrofitting Marine Engines towards Emission Reduction in Shipping

Abstract The shipping industry is striving to reduce its negative environmental footprint and become more energy-efficient. In order achieve this, undergoing the transition towards innovative engine propulsion systems attracting considerable attention. However, economic aspect of paramount importance for decision-makers (e.g. ship owners) when it comes investing in technologies. For this reason, required have a comprehensive holistic view on impacts such technologies at an early stage. This paper proposes life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) framework be implemented emission reduction marine engines. proposed will able serve as decision support tool that beneficial owners during decision-making process retrofitting investments.